The deep sea includes ocean waters and seabed beyond the sunlit surface, with habitats shaped by darkness, pressure and limited food. These ecosystems support diverse life and face a range of human pressures.
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Surveys found sharp declines in deep-water fish and invertebrates after 2011, with no broad return to early-2011 abundance levels by 2023. Researchers identify the Deepwater Horizon spill as the most plausible explanation, but do not establish direct causation.
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A Mongabay analysis finds proposed US-linked claims in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone could cover a large area if approved, while questions over regulation and environmental effects remain unresolved.
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The organisms were identified from deep-sea samples collected mainly in 2025; formal scientific descriptions are still to come.
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Oceans & Coasts
Oceans & Coasts
Oceans & Coasts
Oceans & Coasts
Policy & Governance
Policy & Governance